Introduction:

Rice farming or paddy cultivation plays a crucial role in India’s agrarian landscape. As India grapples with climate change implications, optimizing paddy cultivation towards carbon farming presents an innovative approach for mitigation. Here’s how this transformation is conceivable.

Methane Emissions from Paddy Fields:

Traditionally managed rice fields, submerged in water, can lead to anaerobic conditions fostering methane production, a significant greenhouse gas. Globally, paddy fields are a notable source of methane emissions¹.

Alternative Wetting and Drying (AWD):

AWD, an approach that emphasizes periodic draining of fields, can significantly reduce methane emissions by facilitating soil aeration. A study by Sudhir-Yadav et al. suggested that AWD could lead to up to 48% reduction in methane emissions in India².

System of Rice Intensification (SRI):

SRI enhances rice yield with lesser water input. By ensuring soil aeration and strong root growth, methane emissions can be minimized. Research conducted in Tamil Nadu reported that SRI fields emitted considerably less methane than conventional ones³.

Organic Paddy Farming:

Transitioning to organic farming in paddy cultivation can augment the soil’s capacity for carbon sequestration. Organic fields, as carbon sinks, can absorb more atmospheric CO2 compared to traditionally managed fields⁴.

Agroforestry in Paddy Systems:

Incorporating trees in or around paddy fields can further bolster carbon sequestration. Trees also offer other advantages like moisture retention and enhancing biodiversity⁵.

Challenges:

Transitioning requires addressing barriers such as farmers’ awareness, concerns about yield, and deep-seated traditional practices.

Conclusion:

India, with its expansive paddy cultivation, stands at the cusp of an eco-revolution. By transforming paddy fields into carbon sinks, the country can make significant strides in climate change mitigation.

References:

Note: This scientific note offers an overview on the potential for carbon farming in India’s paddy cultivation scenario. For an in-depth understanding, readers are encouraged to access the linked references directly.

Footnotes:

1. Global estimations of methane emissions from rice cultivation
2. Effect of water management on dry seeded and puddled transplanted rice – Sudhir-Yadav et al., 2011
3. Modified rice cultivation in Tamil Nadu, India – Senthilkumar et al., 2010
4. Food security of small holding farmers in India – Panneerselvam et al., 2014
5. Agroforestry for ecosystem services and environmental benefits – Jose, 2009